UV Curing Equipments / UV LED Equipments / UV LED Spot Equipments

UV Curing Systems: Accelerating Manufacturing with Eco-Friendly Technology

UV curing does two things at once for a production line: it compresses the cure step from minutes to seconds, and it removes solvent from the process. The result is higher throughput on a smaller footprint with no volatile organic compound emissions to manage. The Process A UV-curable coating, adhesive, or ink is a liquid blend of monomers, oligomers, and a photoinitiator. Ultraviolet light of the matched wavelength activates the photoinitiator, which starts cross-linking. The liquid becomes a solid polymer network within seconds, with no heat input and nothing evaporating. Because the material only reacts when exposed, it stays workable on the part until the operator or the line is ready. Why It Speeds Up Manufacturing Cure time. Surface-to-solid in one to ten seconds under adequate irradiance, against many minutes in an oven. No dwell. There is no oven mass to heat and hold and no cool-down before the next step. In-line fit. A correctly sized lamp cures at the same pace a dispensing or coating head places material, so the cure step stops being the bottleneck. Immediate handling. Parts come off cured, ready for assembly or packing. Why It Is Cleaner Typical UV formulations are 100 percent solids. There is no solvent carrier, so there are no VOC emissions, no solvent recovery, and a lighter ventilation load. LED sources add to this by drawing a fraction of the power of a thermal line and generating far less waste heat, which reduces the plant cooling burden as well. Choosing a System Wavelength. Match the source to the resin's photoinitiator. LED systems use a single peak of 365, 385, 395, or 405 nm; broadband arc lamps cover the near-UV band at once. The data sheet dictates the choice. Irradiance and dose. Dose (mJ/cm²) is irradiance (mW/cm²) times exposure time. Specify irradiance at the part surface, not at the emitter, because it falls off sharply with distance. Lamp type and configuration. Flood heads for area coverage, spot systems for localized bonds, conveyors for continuous flow. The Incure L-Series UV LED flood lamps map curing area to intensity across a wide range. Part handling. Low volume and prototyping suit an enclosed chamber that contains the light for safe batch work. High volume points to the Incure CDM UV conveyor, where dose becomes a belt-speed setting. If you want help mapping these variables to a specific line, Email Us with the resin data sheet and your cycle-time target. Applications UV curing systems serve coatings and inks in printing and packaging, conformal coatings and bonds in electronics, finishes and adhesives in automotive and appliance work, encapsulants in renewable-energy module assembly, and resin cure in additive manufacturing. For assembly work where the bond competes with fast handling, our comparison of UV adhesive and epoxy for quick repairs shows where each method fits. Our guide to selecting a UV lamp for resin curing covers source selection in detail. Process Control Read the required dose and wavelength from the data sheet. Measure irradiance at the part with a…

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January 29, 2025
UV Curing Equipments / UV LED Equipments / UV LED Spot Equipments

UV Spot Curing Systems: Precision Curing for Industrial Use

When only a small bead of adhesive needs to cure and the surrounding assembly must stay untouched, a spot curing system delivers concentrated ultraviolet energy through a light guide to a target just millimeters across. That focus is what makes selective, repeatable bonding possible on crowded assemblies. How Spot Curing Works A spot system pairs a UV source with one or more flexible light guides that carry the energy to the work point. The guide terminates in a lens or a bare tip that produces a defined spot, typically adjustable between 3 and 12 mm in diameter. Because the energy is concentrated, irradiance at the tip can be very high, which drives fast cure of small adhesive volumes without heating the whole part. Two source types dominate. UV LED spot lamps such as the Incure L9000 UV LED spot lamp run at a single configured wavelength between 365 and 405 nm, switch instantly, and support up to four light guides from one controller. Mercury-arc spot lamps like the Incure S20 emit broadband output from roughly 275 to 650 nm with intensity above 21 W/cm² at the guide tip, useful when a resin needs the wider spectrum or a very high peak. Key Benefits Selective cure. Energy reaches only the targeted bond, leaving nearby seals, coatings, and heat-sensitive parts unaffected. Speed. Small adhesive volumes at high irradiance cure in one to several seconds. Positioning time. The adhesive stays liquid until the light triggers it, so components can be aligned precisely before cure. Multi-point work. A bifurcated or four-pole guide splits one source across several bond sites fired together. Understanding the light guide is central to using these systems well; our explainer on what a light guide does in a UV spot lamp system covers the fundamentals. Selecting a Spot Curing System Wavelength. Match the LED peak or arc spectrum to the adhesive's photoinitiator. A mismatch shows up as a soft or tacky bond even at long exposure. Irradiance at the working distance. The number that matters is the value at the actual gap between the guide tip and the bond, not at the emitter. Irradiance drops quickly as the tip is pulled back, so fixture the guide at a consistent distance. Spot size. Choose a spot slightly larger than the adhesive footprint. Too small a spot leaves an uncured ring; too large a spot wastes energy and may reach adjacent components. Guide count and geometry. Single guide for one bond, multi-pole for simultaneous multi-site cure. Longer guides lose some transmission, so specify the shortest length that reaches comfortably. Duty cycle. LED sources tolerate unlimited cycling and suit robotic or indexed lines. Arc sources are kept lit with a shutter controlling exposure. If you need help pairing a source, guide, and fixture to a specific part, Email Us with a sketch of the bond location and the adhesive data sheet. Light Guide Care Light guides degrade with use. Liquid-filled guides can develop bubbles or solarization; fiber bundles can suffer broken fibers at…

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December 11, 2024
UV Adhesives

UV Adhesive for Metal: A Precision Bonding Guide

Bonding metal components in precision assemblies asks a lot of an adhesive: high shear strength, tight tolerance control, resistance to service chemicals, and often optical clarity where a sensor or window is involved. Light-cure UV adhesives meet those demands with a fast, on-demand cure that fits automated production. Why Light-Cure Adhesives for Metal Metal does not transmit UV light, so at least one path to the adhesive must be open, through a transparent second substrate, an exposed fillet, or a gap the light can reach. Where that geometry works, UV adhesives bring real advantages: On-demand cure. The adhesive stays liquid until the lamp fires, so operators can align parts to close tolerance before locking the joint. Seconds to fixture. Handling strength arrives quickly, removing cure time from the cycle. Single component. No mixing, no pot life, no mixed-adhesive waste. Clean process. Solvent-free, 100 percent reactive formulations with low volatile content. The Incure Uni-Weld UV glass and metal bonder line is formulated for these joints, with grades matched by viscosity and tensile requirement. Selection Criteria Bond strength. Specify the governing property. Shear strength drives lap joints and bonded fittings. Tensile strength matters for direct pull-off. Design the joint to load the adhesive in shear, where it is strongest. Chemical resistance. Confirm the grade resists the actual service fluids, whether that is coolant, solvent, fuel, or humidity. Test coupons under the real exposure rather than trusting a generic rating. Temperature range. The adhesive must hold properties across the full operating window. Metal-to-metal joints of dissimilar alloys, and metal-to-glass or metal-to-ceramic joints, add cyclic stress from expansion mismatch, explained in this piece on how CTE mismatch causes adhesive bond failure. Optical clarity. For assemblies with lenses, windows, or optical sensors, choose a clear, non-yellowing grade so the bond does not degrade the optical path. Cure speed and viscosity. Faster cure suits high-throughput lines; a slightly slower grade allows more alignment time. Low viscosity wicks into tight joints; higher viscosity resists run-off and bridges gaps. Not sure which grade fits your metal joint and service environment? Email Us with your substrate pair, load, and exposure conditions. Typical Applications Precision instrumentation: bonding brackets, mounts, and housings where alignment must hold to microns. Optical and photonic assemblies: fixing metal barrels, ferrules, and mounts to glass elements. Electronics enclosures: sealing metal covers and bonding connectors and shielding. Sensor and actuator assembly: securing small metal components without heat or clamping stress. Bonding Procedure Clean the metal. Solvent-wipe to remove machining oil, then lightly abrade or apply a suitable surface treatment to break through the oxide layer. Verify with a water-break test. Dispense a thin, even bead. A bond line of 0.05 to 0.2 mm gives the best strength; thicker lines invite voids and incomplete cure at depth. Assemble and align. Position within tolerance; the cure waits for the lamp. Cure with adequate dose. Deliver the datasheet irradiance and time, in millijoules per square centimeter, through the light-accessible path. Address shadowed adhesive. Use a grade with a secondary moisture…

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December 3, 2024
UV Adhesives

UV Adhesive for Glass Doors: A Bonding Guide

Frameless and semi-frameless glass doors depend on adhesive joints for both structure and appearance. A weak or hazy bond is immediately visible and potentially a safety issue. UV adhesives handle both demands: they cure clear in seconds and hold high shear loads once fully polymerized. Why UV Adhesive Suits Glass Glass is an ideal UV-bonding substrate because it transmits ultraviolet light, so the lamp can cure the adhesive right through the panel. That gives UV adhesive several advantages for door assembly: Optical clarity. Clear grades leave an almost invisible bond line, preserving the look of the glass. Fast fixture. Handling strength in seconds keeps assembly and installation moving. High shear strength. Well-cured joints carry the sustained load of a hanging door. Environmental resistance. Cured bonds resist humidity, cleaning chemicals, and temperature swings for indoor and sheltered outdoor use. Mixed-substrate capability. Glass bonds to stainless hinges, aluminum rails, and other glass with the right grade. The Incure Uni-Weld UV glass and metal bonder line is built for exactly these joints, matched by viscosity and tensile requirement. Common Joint Types Glass-to-glass: panels, sidelights, and corner joints where a seamless clear bond is the goal. Glass-to-metal: hinge plates, patch fittings, and rail attachments that carry the door's weight. Glass-to-stone or composite: transitions to a fixed structure. Each joint has a different load path. A hinge attachment sees concentrated shear and peel; a panel-to-panel seam sees distributed shear. Choose grade stiffness accordingly. For heavier structural joints, this comparison of UV glue versus epoxy for heavy-duty repairs covers when a two-part system is warranted. Not sure which grade your fittings need? Email Us with the fitting type and door weight. Preparing and Bonding Clean thoroughly. Wipe glass with isopropyl alcohol or a dedicated glass cleaner, then a lint-free dry wipe. Any film of oil, silicone, or detergent residue lowers bond strength sharply. Prepare the metal. Abrade stainless and aluminum lightly and solvent-wipe to remove oxide and machining oil. Dispense a thin, even bead. Target a bond line of 0.05 to 0.2 mm. Excess adhesive squeezes out and must be cleaned before cure. Assemble and align. Position the parts precisely; the on-demand cure gives unlimited time until the lamp is applied. Cure with adequate dose. Deliver the irradiance and time the datasheet specifies. Cure through the glass side for the cleanest result. Inspect. Confirm full cure at the bond edges and check for trapped air or haze. Choosing the Grade Viscosity: low for tight capillary joints, higher for gap-filling and vertical surfaces where run-off matters. Cure speed: faster for production throughput, slightly slower for careful alignment on large panels. Modulus: rigid for maximum static strength, slightly flexible for joints that see impact, vibration, or thermal movement. Clarity and yellowing resistance: essential for any visible bond, particularly near windows with strong daylight. Durability and Failure Modes Adhesive failure at the glass: nearly always inadequate cleaning. Re-establish the cleaning procedure. Bond-line haze or bubbles: contamination, fast dispensing, or incomplete cure. Cracking near a fitting: stress concentration, often from…

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December 3, 2024
UV Adhesives

UV Curing Glue for Plastic: A Selection Guide

Two UV adhesives can look identical in the bottle and behave completely differently on your parts. The difference is in the specification: substrate compatibility, viscosity, cure depth, and environmental resistance. This guide walks through the criteria that decide which UV curing glue fits a given plastic bonding job. Start with the Plastic Plastic type drives every other decision. Amorphous plastics such as polycarbonate, acrylic (PMMA), ABS, and PETG bond readily to UV acrylates after a solvent wipe and light abrasion. Watch for stress cracking on polycarbonate with aggressive monomers; a low-stress grade avoids it. Semicrystalline plastics such as nylon and acetal bond moderately and often need surface treatment. Low-surface-energy plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene will not bond without flame or plasma treatment or a chlorinated primer. Confirm the specific resin and any fillers or flame retardants, since additives change surface behavior. For clear amorphous plastics, the Incure Uni-Weld plastic bonder line is organized by exactly this logic, matching grade to substrate and mechanical demand. Curing Speed Match cure speed to the process, not to a spec-sheet headline. Fast-cure grades reach fixture strength in one to three seconds, suited to high-index-rate lines. Slower grades allow a few extra seconds for alignment on precision assemblies, and can give a tougher, less stressed final bond. Remember that "cure time" on a datasheet assumes a stated irradiance. Your actual cure depends on delivered dose at the bond line. Bond Strength Specify the strength that matters for your load case: Shear strength governs lap joints, the most common and most efficient plastic joint geometry. Tensile strength matters where the joint is pulled apart directly. Peel and cleavage resistance is low for most rigid adhesives; design the joint to avoid these loads. A rigid, high-modulus grade maximizes static strength. A slightly flexible grade trades peak strength for fatigue and impact resistance. Not sure which strength property should drive your choice? Email Us with your joint drawing and load data. Environmental Resistance Temperature: confirm the grade holds properties across the full service range, and remember that plastic-to-metal joints add cyclic stress from expansion mismatch, explained in this piece on how CTE mismatch causes adhesive bond failure. Chemicals: test against the actual service fluids, whether that is fuel, cleaning agents, or humidity. UV exposure: for visible bonds, choose a non-yellowing grade. Viscosity and Cure Depth Low viscosity (under 300 cP) wicks into tight, well-fitted joints and fills fine gaps. Medium to high viscosity stays where it is placed, bridges larger gaps, and resists run-off on vertical surfaces. Cure depth is a fixed property of the formulation. A grade that cures 2 mm deep will leave a thicker joint partly liquid. Check cure-through depth against your bond-line thickness. For repairs and field work where cure speed is the deciding factor, this comparison of which adhesive dries faster for quick repairs is a useful reference. Process Fit Dispensing: viscosity and thixotropy must suit your equipment, whether a hand-held dispenser, pressure-time valve, or jetting system. Light source: the adhesive's photoinitiator…

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December 3, 2024
UV Adhesives

UV Curing Glue for Plastic: Fast, Durable Bonding

Bonding plastic on a production line has always meant a compromise between speed and strength. UV curing glue narrows that gap: it stays liquid until a lamp triggers it, then reaches handling strength in seconds. Used correctly, it delivers durable joints without the fixture-time bottleneck of two-part systems. How UV Curing Glue Works UV curing glue, also called light-cure adhesive or photopolymer adhesive, contains a photoinitiator that absorbs ultraviolet or visible light and releases reactive species. Those species drive a fast chain polymerization that links the adhesive into a solid crosslinked network. The reaction begins within milliseconds of exposure and finishes, for accessible bond lines, in one to several seconds. Because the trigger is light rather than time or heat, the adhesive has unlimited working time. An operator can dispense, position, and inspect before committing the joint with a burst of light. Advantages for Plastic Assembly Cycle time. Cure is decoupled from assembly time; parts are held only until the light hits. Bond strength. Well-cured joints handle shear loads suited to electronics housings through structural trim. Environmental resistance. Cured bonds resist moisture, temperature swings, and many service chemicals. Precise dispensing. Low- and medium-viscosity grades place a controlled bead with minimal squeeze-out. Substrate range. Formulations bond ABS, polycarbonate, acrylic (PMMA), PETG, and many blends. Low-surface-energy plastics like polypropylene need surface treatment first. For clear amorphous plastics, the Incure Uni-Weld plastic bonder line offers grades matched across viscosity and hardness so flow fits the joint gap and stiffness fits the load path. Details are in this guide to matching a plastic-bonder grade to substrate and mechanical demand. Where It Is Used Electronics: bonding housings, light pipes, lenses, and sensor covers. Automotive: assembling lamp housings, interior trim, and switch components. Appliance and consumer products: joining clear covers, buttons, and display windows. Optical components: bonding lenses and prisms where clarity must be preserved. Not sure which grade suits your plastic and joint? Email Us with your substrate and bond-line dimensions. Using It Correctly Prepare the surface. Wipe with isopropyl alcohol; abrade or plasma-treat low-energy plastics. Verify with a water-break test. Dispense a thin, even bead. Bond lines of 0.05 to 0.25 mm give the best strength; thicker lines invite voids and lower cure at depth. Assemble and align. Position parts within the adhesive's open time, which for light cure is effectively unlimited until exposure. Cure with the right dose. Deliver the irradiance and time the datasheet specifies, measured in millijoules per square centimeter. Inspect. Check for full cure at the bond edge and for any uncured shadowed area. Managing Shadowed Joints UV light needs a path to the adhesive. If one substrate is opaque or the geometry blocks the light, the shadowed adhesive stays liquid. Options: use a grade with a secondary moisture or heat cure for shadow areas, redesign the joint so light reaches it, or switch to a dual-cure system. This comparison of how fast different adhesives cure for quick repairs covers the trade-offs when light access is limited. Durability Considerations Plastic…

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December 3, 2024
Conformal Coatings

Everything You Need to Know About Conformal Coating

A circuit board that works perfectly on the bench can fail within months in the field if moisture, dust, or condensation reaches the copper. Conformal coating is the thin protective film that stands between a populated board and its environment, and choosing the right chemistry and process is what makes that protection last. What Conformal Coating Is Conformal coating is a dielectric layer, typically 25 to 75 micrometers thick, applied over a finished assembly. It follows the contours of components and solder joints rather than encasing them in a solid block, which keeps weight and thermal mass low and allows limited rework. The coating guards against several failure mechanisms at once: Moisture and humidity, which lower surface insulation resistance and enable current leakage Electrochemical migration and dendritic growth, where voltage bias plus moisture and ionic residue grows conductive filaments between traces Airborne contamination such as dust, salt, and process chemicals Light mechanical abrasion and handling damage Condensation during rapid temperature or altitude changes Coating Chemistries Each coating family trades off protection, reworkability, and process speed. Acrylic (AR): Easy to apply and remove, fast drying, good moisture resistance and fluorescence for inspection. Limited solvent and abrasion resistance. Urethane (UR): Strong chemical and abrasion resistance, good humidity performance. Harder to rework. Silicone (SR): Wide service temperature range and good performance under thermal cycling and high humidity. Softer surface, needs careful masking. Epoxy (ER): Very hard and chemically resistant, but effectively permanent and can stress components during thermal excursions. UV-curable: Cures in seconds under UV or LED light, freeing floor space and cutting work-in-process. Shadowed areas under tall components need a secondary moisture or heat cure mechanism. Parylene: Vapor-deposited, pinhole-free, extremely thin and uniform, but requires specialized batch equipment. Application Methods The process is chosen to match volume and board complexity. Brushing suits repair and low volume. Dipping coats both sides quickly but demands thorough masking. Spray, whether manual in a booth or automated, gives good control of thickness. Selective coating on a programmable system applies material only where it belongs, minimizing or eliminating masking on high-mix production lines. Whatever the method, surface preparation drives results. Boards must be clean and dry, with ionic residue from flux kept below the threshold that feeds electrochemical migration. Connectors, test points, and heat sinks are masked before coating and unmasked after cure. For help matching a coating chemistry and application method to your board mix, Email Us with your assembly and volume details. Curing and Inspection Cure mechanism depends on chemistry: solvent flash-off for many acrylics, moisture cure for many silicones and urethanes, and photopolymerization for UV systems. UV-curable coatings pair well with inline LED flood lamps and conveyor curing systems because they clear the bottleneck of long oven dwell. Coatings are formulated with a UV tracer so inspectors can confirm complete coverage and correct thickness under a blacklight. Automated optical inspection increasingly handles this step, flagging thin spots, bridging, and coating that has crept onto a masked connector. Thickness, Classes, and Qualification Coating performance is…

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August 21, 2024
UV Curing Equipments / UV LED Equipments / UV LED Spot Equipments

UV Lamp Degradation: A Silent Threat to Your Curing Process

UV curing is fast and repeatable right up until the lamp quietly loses output. Because the process still runs and parts still come off the line looking cured, degradation often goes unnoticed until under-cured adhesive shows up as a field failure weeks later. Understanding how lamps age is the first step to catching it. How UV Output Declines The intensity a curing lamp delivers to the part is not constant over the lamp's life. Several mechanisms erode it: Emitter aging: in a mercury-arc lamp the mercury dose and electrode condition change over hundreds of hours, shifting spectral output and reducing intensity. In a UV LED array, individual emitters lose output slowly with accumulated on-time and junction heat. Envelope and window solarization: the quartz envelope or the LED window gradually darkens under constant UV exposure, absorbing some of the light it should pass. Contamination: adhesive vapor, oils, and dust deposit on the lamp face, the reflector, and any quartz shield, blocking output. This is often the largest single loss and the easiest to reverse. Reflector degradation: oxidized or coated reflectors send less light toward the part. The result is a curve, not a cliff. A lamp can be at 70 percent of its initial intensity while still looking and sounding normal. What Reduced Intensity Does to the Cure UV cure depends on delivering a minimum energy dose, in millijoules per square centimeter, at the wavelengths the photoinitiator absorbs. When intensity falls, the dose at a fixed line speed drops below that threshold and the consequences follow: Incomplete cure: soft or tacky surfaces, low crosslink density, and reduced adhesion and chemical resistance. Shadowed and thick sections uncured: areas that were marginal at full power fail first. Slower throughput: compensating by slowing the line cuts production rate. Higher energy use per part: an aging lamp draws similar power for less useful output. Scrap and rework: parts that pass a visual check but fail later. Managing Lamp Degradation Measure, do not guess. Use a UV radiometer that reads the wavelength band your process uses, and log the intensity at the cure position on a schedule. Set a replacement threshold as a percentage of the qualified starting value and act on it. Clean on a schedule. Wipe the lamp face, window, quartz shield, and reflector with the manufacturer's recommended method at defined intervals. Much apparent "degradation" recovers completely after cleaning. Control the operating environment. Keep the cure area at a stable temperature and provide adequate cooling. Overheated LEDs age faster; poorly cooled arc lamps run inconsistently. Track lamp hours. Record run time and replace emitters proactively near their rated life rather than waiting for a failure. Keep spares and a baseline. A spare lamp and a documented full-power intensity reading let you confirm quickly whether a problem is the lamp or something else. Incure L-Series™ UV LED flood lamps and F-Series™ arc flood lamps are supported by matched radiometers and replacement components for exactly this kind of monitoring. For guidance on selecting a lamp to…

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August 20, 2024
UV Adhesives / UV Curing Equipments / UV LED Equipments / UV LED Spot Equipments

How to Reduce Costs With UV Curing

UV curing is fast, but the light sources and their support systems draw real power, and energy is a line item that compounds over a production year. Cutting that cost is mostly a matter of measuring what the process actually needs and stopping the waste around it. Where the Energy Goes A UV curing station spends power in several places beyond the emitter itself: The light source. Mercury arc lamps draw continuous power whenever they are struck, including idle time, because restriking is slow. UV LED sources switch on and off instantly and convert more input power to usable output. Cooling. Arc lamps need constant exhaust and often chilled air or water to hold operating temperature. LED heads need far less. Ventilation. Fume extraction and make-up air run whenever the station is active. Idle running. Lamps and blowers left on between batches consume power for no output. Match the Dose to the Requirement Over-curing wastes energy. Once a bond reaches full conversion, additional exposure adds cost without adding strength. Establish the minimum energy dose that achieves full cure for your adhesive and joint, verify it with a radiometer and sectioned parts, and set the process there with a modest margin. Conveyor speed and lamp power are the two levers. Running the belt faster or the lamp at a lower setting, as long as delivered dose stays above the cure threshold, directly lowers energy per part. Guidance on selecting and setting a source is in our overview of choosing a UV lamp for resin curing. Consider LED Where It Fits UV LED systems have a higher purchase cost but lower running cost. They draw power only during exposure, run cooler so cooling load drops, and hold output longer before replacement. They emit a narrow band, so the adhesive photoinitiator must absorb at the LED wavelength, typically 365, 385, or 405 nanometers. For high-duty lines with frequent starts and stops, the idle savings alone can be significant. Our comparisons of LED flood lamps matched to curing area and intensity and a conveyor system matched to line speed and part width show how the equipment scales to throughput. Stop Paying for Idle Time Interlock the lamp, blower, and exhaust to the line. When parts stop flowing for more than a set interval, the station should drop to standby. For LED heads this is instant. For arc lamps, a shutter that blocks output while the bulb idles at reduced power avoids the slow restrike penalty while cutting delivered energy and heat. Maintain the Optics A fogged reflector, a yellowed light guide, or a dusty lens forces the operator to raise lamp power or slow the belt to keep bonds curing, which raises energy per part. Cleaning and timely replacement restore the original efficiency. The degradation mechanisms are described in our article on UV light guide degradation over time. If you want help benchmarking your current cure energy per part, Email Us with your lamp type, duty cycle, and throughput. Reduce Scrap Every rejected part…

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August 13, 2024